We try to give answers through a systematic approach.

First we jog and lunge the horse on a hard surface and follow this with work on a soft surface. A physical exam, which may include flexion tests manipulation of the neck, back and limbs and hoof-tester exam, is followed by a recommendation.

This may include further diagnostic services such as:

• Diagnostic nerve & joint blocks to localize the area of lameness or discomfort.
• Digital radiography provides on the spot results with copies for the horse owner or to a referral veterinarian
• Fluoroscopy for instant TV viewing of a horses bones and joints
• Digital ultrasound to study your horses tendons, ligaments & joints
• Blood tests for metabolic and muscle profiles

Many cases thought to be one problem, turn out to be something completely different, so if your horse is stopping short, resistant, or not using himself properly, don't hesitate to have him evaluated.

Figure 1	Figure 2	Figure 3

Flexion tests and hoof testing are part of the lameness diagnostic procedure (figures 1& 2). Flexion tests are done to rule out or identify joint or ligament problems

The examination may include the use of digital radiology (x-rays). This can be done at the clinic or on a farm call. Digital radiology gives instant high quality images (figure 3).

Figure 4	Figure 5

Lameness diagnostic procedures are often included as an important part of purchase examinations.

Credentials: Nick's interest in musculoskeletal problems grew out of his own competitive experiences with sport horses. Nick has received intensive training in musculoskeletal examinations, radiology, ultrasonography, nuclear medicine, MRI and other imaging technologies.

He is a member of the American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP). Nick continuously upgrades his skills through in depth sessions and regular attendance at continuing education seminars.

Instinct and intuition, honed by three decades of experience with race and sport horses, enable Nick to evaluate many subtle performance problems.

Nick is presently completing an intensive series of courses over several years as part of the ISELP program. This group is dedicated to understanding and diagnosing Equine locomotor problems.